History of Surat

Surat is a city located in the western state of Gujarat, India. It has a rich history that dates back several centuries. Here is a brief overview of the history of Surat:

Ancient and Medieval Periods: The region around Surat has a long history of human habitation, with archaeological evidence suggesting settlements dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization. However, the recorded history of Surat begins around the 16th century.

Surat gained prominence during the medieval period as a major port city and trading center. It was known by various names, including Suryapur and Surajpur. The city was ruled by various dynasties, including the Mauryas, Chavdas, Chalukyas, and Rashtrakutas.

Portuguese and Mughal Era: In the 16th century, Surat came under the influence of the Portuguese, who established a factory and fort in the city. However, their control was short-lived, as the Mughal emperor Akbar the Great captured Surat in 1573. Under Mughal rule, Surat flourished as a major trading port and attracted merchants from Europe, Arabia, and other parts of Asia.

European Influence and Colonial Era: During the 17th century, Surat became an important center of the English and Dutch East India Companies. It was a thriving hub of trade, particularly in textiles, silk, spices, and diamonds. The British East India Company eventually gained dominance and established its first Indian factory in Surat in 1612.

However, by the end of the 17th century, Surat's importance as a trading port declined. This was partly due to the shifting course of the Tapti River, which resulted in silting and made the port inaccessible to larger vessels. The British shifted their focus to Bombay (now Mumbai), which eventually became their primary base in western India.

Modern Era: Surat experienced significant growth and development in the 19th and 20th centuries. The city played an important role in India's struggle for independence against British colonial rule. Several prominent leaders emerged from Surat, and the city witnessed various movements and protests.

After India gained independence in 1947, Surat underwent rapid industrialization and urbanization. It emerged as a major center for diamond cutting and polishing, textiles, and other industries. The city's economy prospered, and it became known as the "Diamond City of India" and the "Silk City."

Today, Surat is one of the fastest-growing cities in India. It is known for its vibrant textile industry, diamond trade, and flourishing business sector. The city has modern infrastructure, educational institutions, and a thriving cultural scene. Surat continues to be an important center of trade, commerce, and industry in Gujarat and plays a significant role in India's economy.

 

Parsi-Zoroastrian Settlement. Surat